Introduction to Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1999-05-21
Publisher(s): Wiley-Interscience
List Price: $196.21

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Summary

An accessible guide to all aspects of molecular fluorescence spectroscopy This book introduces the uninitiated reader to the growing body of analytical methods based on molecular fluorescence. Geared to practitioners with no particular training or exposure to the field, it highlights fluorescence spectroscopy's tremendous appeal in present-day pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental analysis. Written by two highly respected experts in the field, Introduction to Fluorescence Spectroscopy covers all aspects of the technology-physical fundamentals, instrumentation, methods, and applications. The information is offered at 0a very practical level and addresses a broad range of chemical, physical, biological, and geological problems. The authors incorporate recent advances in commercially available instrumentation as well as fluorescent derivatizing agents, provide many examples of state-of-the-art applications, and discuss future trends. Concise, accessible, up-to-date, Introduction to Fluorescence Spectroscopy is an indispensable reference and an invaluable primer for those involved in the field of analytical science and other professionals interested in this fast-evolving analytical technique.

Author Biography

<b>ASHUTOSH SHARMA</b> is Director of the Institute of Diagnostics and Measurement Instrumentation Technology in the United Kingdom, and also Visiting Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Florida. STEPHEN G. SCHULMAN is Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Florida.

Table of Contents

Series Preface xi
Preface xiii
Origin of Fluorescence
1(26)
Introduction
1(1)
Molecular Electronic Structure
1(8)
σ Bonds
2(1)
π Bonds
2(1)
Nonbonded Electrons
3(1)
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
3(1)
Antibonding Orbitals
4(1)
Orbitals and States
4(4)
Vibrational Substructure of Electronic States
8(1)
Absorption of Light by Molecules
9(6)
Interaction of Light with Molecular Electronic Structure
9(2)
Electronic Absorption Spectra
11(4)
Nonradiative Relaxation of Electronically Excited Molecules
15(2)
Vibrational Relaxation
15(1)
Internal Conversion
15(2)
Deactivation of the Thermally Equilibrated Lowest Excited Singlet State
17(10)
Singlet-Triplet Intersystem Crossing
17(1)
Fluorescence
18(5)
Phosphorescence
23(2)
Delayed Fluorescence
25(1)
Suggested Reading
26(1)
Environmental Effects on Fluorescence
27(42)
Introduction
27(1)
Influence of the Solvent
28(6)
Acidity Effects on Electronic Spectra
34(2)
Influence of PH
36(17)
Properties of Acids and Bases in the Lowest Excited Singlet State
36(1)
Relationship Between Electronic Spectra and State of Protonation
37(1)
Forster Cycle
38(4)
Dependence of Fluorescence Intensity on Proton Transfer in the Excited State
42(11)
Phototautomerism and Metal Complexation
53(4)
Phototautomerism
53(2)
Coordination by Metal Ions
55(2)
Quenching of Molecular Luminescence
57(1)
Concentration Effects and Energy Transfer
58(5)
Polarization of Fluorescence
63(5)
Suggested Reading
68(1)
Measurement of Fluorescence Spectra
69(32)
Introduction
69(1)
Excitation Sources
70(4)
Lamps
70(2)
Lasers
72(1)
Shape of the Light Beam
72(2)
Filter Fluorometers
74(3)
Monochromation: Prisms and Gratings
77(3)
Prisms
77(1)
Gratings
78(2)
Spectrofluorometers
80(3)
Sample Holders and Configurations
83(5)
Reservoir Flow Cell Design
85(1)
Solid-Sample Measurement
86(1)
Constant Temperature
87(1)
Cells for Oxygen Removal
87(1)
Fiber-optic Arrangement
87(1)
Detectors
88(6)
Photomultiplier Tubes
89(2)
Semiconductor Detectors and Diode Arrays
91(1)
Charge-Coupled Device
92(2)
Photon Counting versus Analog Detection of Radiation
94(1)
Excitation and Fluorescence Emission Spectra
94(4)
Methods of Obtaining the Correction of Excitation and Emission Spectra
95(1)
Correction of Excitation Spectrum
95(2)
Correction of the Fluorescence Spectrum
97(1)
Nature of the Sample
98(3)
Scattering of Light
98(1)
Aggregation
99(1)
Photodecomposition
99(1)
Suggested Reading
99(2)
Time- and Phase-Resolved Fluorimetry
101(22)
Introduction
101(1)
Principles of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement
102(2)
Indirect Methods of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement
102(2)
Direct Methods of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement
104(1)
Time-Resolved Fluorimetry
104(5)
Stroboscopic Method
105(1)
Sampling Oscilloscopes
106(1)
Photomultiplier Gating
106(1)
Multichannel Analyzer and Transient Recording
107(1)
Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting
107(2)
Instrumentation
109(7)
Sources
109(2)
Detectors
111(2)
Signal Processing
113(2)
Analysis of Time-Resolved Decays
115(1)
Phase-Resolved Fluorometry
116(5)
Phase-Sensitive Detection
118(1)
Analysis of Phase and Modulation Data
119(1)
Instrumentation
120(1)
Suggested Reading
121(2)
Fluorescence Analytical Methods and Their Applications
123(36)
Introduction
123(1)
Direct Methods
124(4)
Derivatization Methods
128(1)
Fluorescence-Quenching-Based Methods
129(5)
Fluorescence Immunoassay
134(4)
Fluorescence-Based Optical Molecular Sensors
138(11)
Methods Used in Fluorescence-Based Optical Molecular Device Development
138(2)
Optical Waveguides and Device Configuration
140(1)
Fluorophore-Based Optical Sensors
141(4)
Biosensors
145(2)
Evanescent-Wave Devices
147(2)
Integrated Optics and Multisensor Arrays
149(1)
Miscellaneous Techniques
149(10)
Total Luminescence Spectroscopy
149(1)
Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy
150(1)
Derivative Fluorescence Spectroscopy
150(1)
Photochemical Fluorometry
151(1)
Spectral Hole Burning
151(1)
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Spectroscopy
152(1)
Microspectrofluorometry
152(1)
Shpol'skii Spectroscopy
153(1)
Flow Cytometry
153(1)
Fluorescence Polarization
153(1)
Fluorescence Detection in Liquid Chromatography
154(1)
Future of Fluorescence Spectroscopy
155(3)
Suggested Reading
158(1)
Index 159

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